The fact these urbanizing UHI stations are relied on so heavily in surface climate datasets is a joke.
It’s obvious sfc datasets are corrupted because the vast majority of “observed” warming has occurred at night, even in areas where cloud cover has declined. Also, satellites are in near perfect alignment w/ sfc datasets over the oceans, but on land sfc datasets are warming up to 2X faster than satellite data in some areas.
Yes, GHG-induced warming will also skew slightly higher at night (for a multitude of reasons that require lots of jargon to explain), however it’s a minuscule difference when you actually calculate it, even if you are extra generous w/ how you construct the “fractal” of diurnal/nocturnal fluxes.
FWIW, one of the leading Apr-Jun EOFs during p8-1-2 transitions in waning niños is troughing at the coasts and a ridge in the middle of the country. There are other possible outcomes (subseasonal responses are always state dependent), but I could definitely see that pattern verifying.
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